A Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines Located Offshore

“A Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines Located Offshore”

Authors: Jaroslav Cibulka, Morten K. Ebbesen, Geir Hovland, Kjell G. Robbersmyr and Michael R. Hansen,
Affiliation: University of Agder
Reference: 2012, Vol 33, No 2, pp. 69-86.

Keywords: Condition monitoring, Signal processing, Diagnostics, Prognostics, Induction machine, Bearing, Gearbox, Drivetrain, Wind turbine

Abstract: This paper presents a review of different approaches for Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) of induction machines and drive trains in offshore applications. The paper contains an overview of common failure modes, monitoring techniques, approaches for diagnostics, and an overview of typical maintenance actions. Although many papers have been written in this area before, this paper puts an emphasis on recent developments and limits the scope to induction machines and drive trains applied in applications located offshore.

PDF

PDF (692 Kb) DOI: 10.4173/mic.2012.2.4

DOI forward links to this article:

[1] Mengyan Nie and Ling Wang (2013), doi:10.1016/j.procir.2013.07.018

[2] Slobodan Radosavljevi , Predrag Da i , Milan Radosavljevi and Jovana Radosavljevi (2015), doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.055

[3] Slobodan Radosavljevi , Milan Radosavljevi and Jovana Radosavljevi (2015), doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.074

[4] Radisa Jovanovic and Aleksandra Sretenovic (2015), doi:10.4173/mic.2015.2.4

[5] Trinh Hoang Nguyen, Andreas Prinz and Josef Noll (2013), doi:10.1109/INTECH.2013.6653709

[6] Deepam Goyal, Vanraj, B. S. Pabla and S. S. Dhami (2016), doi:10.1007/s11831-016-9176-1

[7] Suliman Shanbr, Faris Elasha, Mohamed Elforjani and Joao Teixeira (2017), doi:10.1016/j.renene.2017.10.104

[8] Jack P. Salameh, Sebastien Cauet, Erik Etien, Anas Sakout and Laurent Rambault (2018), doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.03.052

[9] Ke Sheng Wang, Vishal S. Sharma and Quan Yu (2014), doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1039.155

[10] Adrian Villarroel, Grover Zurita and Romeo Velarde (2019), doi:10.3390/machines7010012

[11] Nayher Clavijo, Afrânio Melo, Maurício M. Câmara, Thiago Feital, Thiago K. Anzai, Fabio C. Diehl, Pedro H. Thompson and José Carlos Pinto (2019), doi:10.3390/pr7070436

[12] Sabri Alkan and Mustafa Sabri Gok (2020), doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2020.07.004

[13] Milad Rezamand, Mojtaba Kordestani, Rupp Carriveau, David S.-K. Ting, Marcos E. Orchard and Mehrdad Saif (2020), doi:10.1109/TIM.2020.3030165

[14] H. Gu, W. Y. Liu, Q. W. Gao and Y. Zhang (2021), doi:10.21595/jve.2020.20178

[15] Vikas Sharma (2021), doi:10.1007/s40032-021-00666-y

[16] Giovanni Rinaldi, Philipp R. Thies and Lars Johanning (2021), doi:10.3390/en14092484

[17] Jose V. Taboada, Vicente Diaz Casas and Xi Yu (2021), doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108890

[18] Chengze Liu, Andrzej Cichon, Grzegorz Krolczyk and Zhixiong Li (2021), doi:10.1007/s00170-021-08047-6

[19] Rafael Tuiran Villalba, Heriberto Maury Ramirez and Hector Aguila Estrada (2021), doi:10.3390/machines9100212

[20] Angel M. Costa, Jose A. Orosa, Diego Vergara and Pablo Fernandez-Arias (2021), doi:10.3390/app11041386

[21] Mostafa Koraei and Petter Lefoka (2022), doi:10.1145/3535044.3535056

[22] Abu MD Ariful Islam and Jorn Vatn (2023), doi:10.1007/s13198-023-01900-9

[23] J.S. Yap, M.H. Lim and Leong M. Salman (2024), doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113474

References:
[1] Albizu, I., Zamora, I., Mazon, A., Tapia, A. (2006). Techniques for online diagnosis of stator shorted turns in induction motors, Electric Power Components and Systems, 3.1:97--114 doi:10.1080/15325000691001359
[2] Amari, S., McLaughlin, L., Pham, H. (2006). Cost-effective condition-based maintenance using markov decision processes, In Proceedings - Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium RAMS´06, volume2. pp. 464--469 doi:10.1109/RAMS.2006.1677417
[3] Ambarisha, V. Parker, R. (2007). Nonlinear dynamics of planetary gears using analytical and finite element models, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 30.2:577--595 doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2006.11.028
[4] Antonino-Daviu, J., Riera-Guasp, M., Folch, J., Palomares, M. (2006). Validation of a new method for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures via wavelet transform in industrial induction machines, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 4.4:990--996 doi:10.1109/TIA.2006.876082
[5] Arthur, N. (2005). Development, implementation and application of a condition based maintenance assessment tool for the uk oil and gas industry, Int. Journal of COMADEM, .4:2--9.
[6] Assaf, T., Henao, H., Capolino, G. (2004). Simplified axial flux spectrum method to detect incipient stator inter-turn short-circuits in induction machine, In 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, volume2. pp. 815--819 doi:10.1109/ISIE.2004.1571918
[7] Bethel, N. (1999). Identifying motor defects through fault zone analysis, Iron and steel engineer, 7.4:64--67.
[8] Bhushan, B. Gupta, B. (1991). Handbook of Tribology: Materials, Coatings, and Surface Treatments, McGraw-Hill.
[9] Blödt, M., Granjon, P., Raison, B., Regnier, J. (2010). Fault detection, chapter 20: Mechanical fault detection in induction motor drives through stator current monitoring - Theory and application examples, pages 451--488, In-Teh.
[10] Boashash, B. (2003). Time Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing - A Comprehensive Reference, Elsevier.
[11] Briz, F., Degner, M., Garcia, P., Bragado, D. (2008). Broken rotor bar detection in line-fed induction machines using complex wavelet analysis of startup transients, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 4.3:760--768 doi:10.1109/TIA.2008.921382
[12] Bye, R., Hansson, L., Okstad, E. (2010). Implementing integrated operations in a mobile offshore production service provider, In SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition 2010, volume2. Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp. 641--654 doi:10.2118/128504-MS
[13] Carter, S., Fisher, A., Goodall, P., Hinds, M., Lancaster, S., Shore, S. (2010). Atomic spectrometry update: Industrial analysis: metals, chemicals and advanced materials, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2.12:1808--1858 doi:10.1039/C005533F
[14] Cash, M., Habetler, T., Kliman, G. (1998). Insulation failure prediction in ac machines using line-neutral voltages, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 3.6:1234--1239 doi:10.1109/28.738983
[15] Choux, M., Tyapin, I., Hovland, G. (2012). Leakage-detection in blade pitch control systems for wind turbines, In Proc. the Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. pages 1--7, Jan. 23-26, Nevada.
[16] Dempsey, P. (2000). A comparison of vibration and oil debris gear damage detection methods applied to pitting damage, Wear.
[17] Dempsey, P. (2001). Gear damage detection using oil debris analysis, Wear.
[18] Ebersbach, S., Peng, Z., Kessissoglou, N. (2006). The investigation of the condition and faults of a spur gearbox using vibration and wear debris analysis techniques, Wear, 6.1-2:16--24 doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.12.028
[19] Edmonds, J., Resner, M., Shkarlet, K. (2000). Detection of precursor wear debris in lubrication systems, In 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, volume6. pp. 73--78 doi:10.1109/AERO.2000.877884
[20] Ellingssen, H., Liyanage, J., Ruså, R. (2006). Smart integrated operations and maintenance solutions to manage offshore assets in north sea, In Proceedings of the 18th EuroMaintenace. MM Support GmbH, pp. 319--324.
[21] FAG. (1986). Rolling Bearings and their Contribution to the Progress of Technology, FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schäfer KGaA.
[22] Flandrin, P. (1999). Time-Frequency/Time-Scale Analysis, Academic Press.
[23] Foster, K. (2009). Rolling bearings as crime scenes, Pumps and Systems Magazine, 3.
[24] Gao, J., Zhang, P., Liu, B., Xie, Z. (2007). An integrated fault diagnosis method of gearboxes using oil analysis and vibration analysis, In 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI ´07. pp. 371--374 doi:10.1109/ICEMI.2007.4350932
[25] Gao, Z., Habetler, T., Harley, R., Colby, R. (2008). A sensorless adaptive stator winding temperature estimator for mains-fed induction machines with continuous-operation periodic duty cycles, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 4.5:1533--1542 doi:10.1109/TIA.2008.2002208
[26] Garnero, M.-A., Beaudouin, F., Delbos, J.-P. (1998). Optimization of bearing-inspection intervals, In Proc. Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. pp. 332--338 doi:10.1109/RAMS.1998.653801
[27] Gentile, G., Meo, S., Ometto, A. (2003). Induction motor current signature analysis to diagnostics, of stator short circuits, In 4th IEEE International Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives.SDEMPED 2003, volume2. pp. 47--51 doi:10.1109/DEMPED.2003.1234545
[28] Grubic, S., Aller, J., Lu, B., Habetler, T. (2008). Survey of testing and monitoring methods for stator insulation systems in induction machines, Proc. of 2008 Intl. Conf. on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics, pp. 196--203 doi:10.1109/CMD.2008.4580262
[29] Guo, Y. Parker, R. (2010). Dynamic modeling and analysis of a spur planetary gear involving tooth wedging and bearing clearance nonlinearity, European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 29(6):1--12 (In Press) doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2010.05.001
[30] Gupta, A. Lawsirirat, C. (2006). Strategically optimum maintenance of monitoring-enabled multi-component systems using continuous-time jump deterioration models, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 1.3:306--329 doi:10.1108/13552510610685138
[31] Hansen, A., Rasmussen, F., Larsen, T. (2010). Gearbox loads caused by double contact simulated with hawc2, In European Wind Energy Conference and Exhibition, Poland.
[32] Holst, B. Nystad, E. (2007). Oil and gas offshore/onshore integrated operations - introducing the brage 2010+ project, In 2007 IEEE 8th HFPP and HPRCT 13th Annual Meeting. pp. 357--359 doi:10.1109/HFPP.2007.4413233
[33] J.Geiman, B. I.C. (2007). Dc step-voltage and surge testing of motors, Maintenance Technology magazine, 3:1--7. http://www.mt-online.com.
[34] Jardine, A., Lin, D., Banjevic, D. (2006). A review on machinery diagnostics and prognostics implementing condition-based maintenance, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2.7:1483--1510 doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2005.09.012
[35] Jessop, S. Cook, T. (2009). A model-based mission planning and decision support tool, In Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, volume4. pp. 991--999 doi:10.1115/GT2009-60215
[36] Jones, B., I.Jenkinson, Z.Yang, J.Wang. (2010). The use of bayesian network modelling for maintenance planning in a manufacturing industry, Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 9.3:267--277 doi:10.1016/j.ress.2009.10.007
[37] Junsheng, C., Dejie, Y., Yu, Y. (2005). Time-energy density analysis based on wavelet transforms, NDT and E International, 3.7:569--572 doi:10.1016/j.ndteint.2005.02.002
[38] Kar, C. Mohanty, A. (2008). Vibration and current transient monitoring for gearbox fault detection using multiresolution fourier transform, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 31.1-2:109--132 doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2007.08.023
[39] Kawazoe, T. Ura, A. (2001). Corrosive wear testing of metals in seawater, In ASTM Special Technical Publication, 1404. pp. 296--305.
[40] Kim, H. Ju, Y. (2002). Comparison of off-line and on-line partial discharge for large motors, In Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation. pp. 27--30 doi:10.1109/ELINSL.2002.995873
[41] Kothamasu, R., Huang, S., Verduin, W. (2006). System health monitoring and prognostics - a review of current paradigms and practices, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2.9:1012--1024 doi:10.1007/s00170-004-2131-6
[42] Landolt, D. (2006). Electrochemical and materials aspects of tribocorrosion systems, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 3.15:3121--3127 doi:10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/S01
[43] Landolt, D. (2007). Corrosion and Surface Chemistry of Metals, chapter 6: Passivity of Metals, pp, 227--274. EPFL Press.
[44] Larsen, T., Thomsen, K., Rasmussen, F. (2003). Dynamics of a wind turbine planetary gear stage, Technical Report Risoe-I-2112, Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark.
[45] Lee, S., Habetler, T., Harley, R., Gritter, D. (2002). An evaluation of model-based stator resistance estimation for induction motor stator winding temperature monitoring, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1.1:7--15 doi:10.1109/60.986431
[46] Lee, S., Tallam, R., Habetler, T. (2003). A robust, on-line turn fault detection technique for induction machines based on monitoring the sequence component impedance matrix, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1.3:865--872 doi:10.1109/TPEL.2003.810848
[47] Lee, S., Yang, J., Younsi, K., Bharadwaj, R. (2006). An online groundwall and phase-to-phase insulation quality assessment technique for ac-machine stator windings, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 4.4:946--957 doi:10.1109/TIA.2006.876077
[48] Lin, J. Parker, R. (1999). Analytical characterization of the unique properties of planetary gear free vibration, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 12.3:319--321 doi:10.1115/1.2893982
[49] Lin, J. Parker, R. (2002). Planetary gear parametric instability caused by mesh stiffness variation, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 24.1:129--145 doi:10.1006/jsvi.2001.3848
[50] Lin, J., Zuo, M., Fyfe, K. (2004). Mechanical fault detection based on the wavelet de-noising technique, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 12.2:9--16 doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.06.001
[51] Lin, Y., Hsu, A., Rajamani, R. (2002). A simulation model for field service with condition-based maintenance, In Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, volume2. pp. 1885--1890.
[52] Liyanage, J. (2008). Complex System Maintenance Handbook, chapter 24: Integrated e-Operations-e-Maintenance: Applications in North Sea Offshore Assets, pages 585--609, Springer Series in Reliability Engineering doi:10.1007/978-1-84800-011-7_24
[53] Loutridis, S. (2006). Instantaneous energy density as a feature for gear fault detection, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2.5:1239--1253 doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.12.001
[54] Lu, B., Habetler, T., Harley, R. (2006). A survey of efficiency estimation methods of in-service induction motors, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 4.4:924--933 doi:10.1109/TIA.2006.876065
[55] Mendel, E., Rauber, T., ao, F.V., Batista, R. (2009). Rolling element bearing fault diagnosis in rotating machines of oil extraction rigs, In Proceedings of 17th European Signal Processing Conference.EUSIPCO 2009. Glasgow, Scotland, pp. 319--324.
[56] Mischler, S. Ponthiaux, P. (2001). A round robin on combined electrochemical and friction tests on alumina/stainless steel contacts in sulphuric acid, Wear, 248(1-2):211--225 doi:10.1016/S0043-1648(00)00559-7
[57] Mobius. (2008). Vibration Training Course Book - Category II, chapter 14: Diagnosing Misalignment, Mobius Institute.
[58] Murali, S., Xia, X., Jagtiani, A., Carletta, J., Zhe, J. (2008). A microfluidic device for wear detection in lubricants, In ASME Conf. Proc., ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition.IMECE2008, volume13. pp. 859--863 doi:10.1115/IMECE2008-66768
[59] Musial, W., Butterfield, S., McNiff, B. (2007). Improving wind turbine gearbox reliability, In Proceedings of 2007 European Wind Energy Conference. pp. 1--10.
[60] Myshkin, N., Markova, L., Semenyuk, M., Kong, H., Han, H., Yoon, E. (2003). Wear monitoring based on the analysis of lubricant contamination by optical ferroanalyzer, Wear, 255(7-12):1270--1275 doi:10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00175-3
[61] Nandi, S., Toliyat, H., Li, X. (2005). Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of electrical motors-a review, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 2.4:719--729 doi:10.1109/TEC.2005.847955
[62] NEMA. (2010). NEMA MG 1 - Motors and Generators, National Electrical Manufacturers Association.NEMA.
[63] Norton, R. (2006). Machine Design - An Integrated Approach, 3rd ed, Pearson-Prentice Hall.
[64] vonder Ohe, C., Johnsen, R., Espallargas, N. (2010). Modeling the multi-degradation mechanisms of combined tribocorrosion interacting with static and cyclic loaded surfaces of passive metals exposed to seawater, Wear, 26.7-8:607--616 doi:10.1016/j.wear.2010.06.010
[65] OLF. (2006). Potential value of integrated operations on the norwegian shelf, Technical report, The Norwegian Oil Industry Association.OLF.
[66] Palin-Luc, T., Perez-Mora, R., Bathias, C., Dominguez, G., Paris, P., Arana, J. (2010). Fatigue crack initiation and growth on a steel in the very high cycle regime with sea water corrosion, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 7.11:1953--1962 doi:10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.02.015
[67] Peng, Z. Chu, F. (2004). Application of the wavelet transform in machine condition monitoring and fault diagnostics: A review with bibliography, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 18(2):199--221 doi:10.1016/S0888-3270(03)00075-X
[68] Peng, Z. Kessissoglou, N. (2003). An integrated approach to fault diagnosis of machinery using wear debris and vibration analysis, Wear, 255(7-12):1221--1232 doi:10.1016/S0043-1648(03)00098-X
[69] Peng, Z., Kessissoglou, N., Cox, M. (2005). A study of the effect of contaminant particles in lubricants using wear debris and vibration condition monitoring techniques, Wear, 25.11-12:1651--1662 doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.020
[70] Piotrowski, J. (2007). Shaft Alignment Handbook, Taylor and Francis.
[71] Raadnui, S. Kleesuwan, S. (2005). Low cost condition monitoring sensor for used oil analysis, Wear, 25.7-12:1502--1506 doi:10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.009
[72] Rasmussen, F., Thomsen, K., Larsen, T. (2004). The gearbox problem revisited, Fact Sheet AED-RB-17.EN. Risoe National Laboratory, Denmark.
[73] Reichard, K., Dyke, M.V., Maynard, K. (2000). Application of sensor fusion and signal classification techniques in a distributed machinery condition monitoring system, In Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, volume 4051. Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 329--336.
[74] Ribrant, J. Bertling, L. (2007). Survey of failures in wind power systems with focus on swedish wind power plants during 1997-2005, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2.1:167--173 doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.889614
[75] Riera-Guasp, M., Antonino-Daviu, J., Roger-Folch, J., Palomares, M. (2008). The use of the wavelet approximation signal as a tool for the diagnosis of rotor bar failures, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 4.3:716--726 doi:10.1109/TIA.2008.921432
[76] Rigdon, S. Basu, (2000). A: Statistical Methods for the Reliability of Repairable Systems, Wiley.
[77] Rodriguez, L., Garcia, E., Morant, F., Correcher, A., Quiles, E. (2008). Application of latent nestling method using colored petri nets for the fault diagnosis in the wind turbine subsets, In Proc. 2008 IEEE Int. Conf. Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. pp. 767--773 doi:10.1109/ETFA.2008.4638486
[78] Roylance, B., Williams, J., Dwyer-Joyce, R. (2000). Wear debris and associated wear phenomena-fundamental research and practice, In Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, volume 214. pp. 79--105 doi:10.1243/1350650001543025
[79] Saranga, H. (2004). Opportunistic maintenance using genetic algorithms, Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 1.1:66--74 doi:10.1108/13552510410526884
[80] Sasaki, K. Bursteina, G. (2000). Observation of a threshold impact energy required to cause passive film rupture during slurry erosion of stainless steel, Philosophical Magazine Letters, 8.7:489--493 doi:10.1080/09500830050057198
[81] Siddique, A., Yadava, G., B. Singh. (2005). A review of stator fault monitoring techniques of induction motors, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2.1:106--114 doi:10.1109/TEC.2004.837304
[82] Spinato, F., Tavner, P., van Bussel, G., Koutoulakos, E. (2009). Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies, IET Renewable Power Generation, .4:387--401 doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0060
[83] SrinivasaPai, P., Mathew, M., Stack, M., Rocha, L. (2008). Some thoughts on neural network modelling of microabrasion-corrosion processes, Tribology International, 4.7:672--681 doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2007.11.015
[84] Stenvaag, S., Lindrupsen, T., Bye, R., Østerås, T. (2008). Integrated operations - a key enabler to operational excellence in maintenance management of fpsos, In SPE - Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition: Intelligent Energy 2008, volume2. Society of Petroleum Engineers, pp. 939--951 doi:10.2118/112227-MS
[85] Stone, G. (2002). Advancements during the past quarter century in on-line monitoring of motor and generator winding insulation, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, .5:746--751 doi:10.1109/TDEI.2002.1038661
[86] Stone, G. (2005). Recent important changes in ieee motor and generator winding insulation diagnostic testing standards, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 4.1:91--100 doi:10.1109/TIA.2004.840977
[87] Stone, G., Boulter, E., Culbert, I., Dhirani, H. (2004). Electrical insulation for rotating machines: Design, Evaluation, Aging, Testing, and Repair, Wiley - Interscience, IEEE Press - Series on Power Engineering.
[88] Stone, G. Kapler, J. (1998). Stator winding monitoring, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, .5:15--20 doi:10.1109/2943.715501
[89] Tallam, R., Habetler, T., Harley, R. (2002). Transient model for induction machines with stator winding turn faults, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 3.3:632--637 doi:10.1109/TIA.2002.1003411
[90] Tan, C., Irving, P., Mba, D. (2005). Diagnostics and prognostics with acoustic emission, vibration and spectrometric oil analysis for spur gears - a comparative study, Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring, 4.8:478--480 doi:10.1784/insi.2005.47.8.478
[91] Tang, B., Liu, W., Song, T. (2010). Wind turbine fault diagnosis based on Morlet wavelet transformation and Wigner-Ville distribution, Renewable Energy, 3.12:2862--2866 doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.05.012
[92] Tavner, P., van Bussel, G., Spinato, F. (2006). Machine and converter reliabilities in wind turbines, In Proceedings of 3rd International IEEE Conference - Power Electronics Machines and Drives. pp. 127--130.
[93] Tavner, P., Xiang, J., Spinato, F. (2007). Reliability analysis for wind turbines, Wind Energy, 1.1:1--18 doi:10.1002/we.204
[94] Thomson, W. Fenger, M. (2001). Current signature analysis to detect induction motor faults, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, .4:26--34 doi:10.1109/2943.930988
[95] Thorsen, O. Dalva, M. (1995). A survey of faults on induction motors in offshore oil industry, petrochemical industry, gas terminals, and oil refineries, IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 3.5:1186--1196 doi:10.1109/28.464536
[96] Troyer, D. Williamson, M. (1999). Effective integration of vibration analysis and oil analysis, In Proceedings of the International Conference on Condition Monitoring. pp. 411--420.
[97] Trutt, F., Sottile, J., Kohler, J. (2002). Condition monitoring of induction motor stator windings using electrically excited vibrations, In Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2002, 37th IAS Annual Meeting, volume4. pp. 2301--2305 doi:10.1109/IAS.2002.1042767
[98] Tyapin, I., Hovland, G., Jorde, J. (2011). Comparison of markov theory and monte carlo simulations for analysis of marine operations related to installation of an offshore wind turbine, In Proc. of COMADEM 2011, Stavanger, Norway. pp. 1071--1081.
[99] Utne, I., Brurok, T., Rødseth, H. (2012). A structured approach to improved condition monitoring, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 2.3:478--488 doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2011.12.004
[100] Wang, H. (2004). A survey of maintenance policies of deteriorating systems, European Journal of Operational Research, 139(3):469--489 doi:10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00197-7
[101] Watson, S., Xiang, B., Yang, W., Tavner, P., Crabtree, C. (2010). Condition monitoring of the power output of wind turbine generators using wavelets, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2.3:715--721 doi:10.1109/TEC.2010.2040083
[102] Werynski, P., Roger, D., Corton, R., Brudny, J. (2006). Proposition of a new method for in-service monitoring of the aging of stator winding insulation in ac motors, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2.3:673--681 doi:10.1109/TEC.2006.875465
[103] Wiedenbrug, E., Frey, G., Wilson, J. (2003). Impulse testing and turn insulation deterioration in electric motors, In Proceedings of the IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference, pp. 50--55 doi:10.1109/PAPCON.2003.1216899
[104] Wiggelinkhuizen, E., Verbruggen, T., Braam, H., Rademakers, L., Xiang, J.P., Watson, S. (2008). Assessment of condition monitoring techniques for offshore wind farms, J. Solar Energy Eng.-Trans. ASME, 130(3):031004 (9 pages) doi:10.1115/1.2931512
[105] Wood, R., Bahaj, A., Turnock, S., Wang, L., Evans, M. (2010). Tribological design constraints of marine renewable energy systems, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 36.1929:4807--4827 doi:10.1098/rsta.2010.0192
[106] Wright, J. (2008). Lubricating electric motors, Machinery Lubrication Magazine.
[107] Yang, W. Ren, X. (2004). Detecting impulses in mechanical signals by wavelets, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, 200.8:1156--1162 doi:10.1155/S1110865704311091
[108] Zhang, J. Drinkwater, B. (2006). Monitoring of lubricant film failure in a ball bearing using ultrasound, Journal of Tribology, 12.3:612--618 doi:10.1115/1.2197848
[109] Zhang, Z., Ren, Z., Huang, W. (2003). A novel detection method of motor broken rotor bars based on wavelet ridge, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., 1.3:417--423 doi:10.1109/TEC.2003.815851
[110] Zipp, K. (2010). Intelligent vibration monitoring for wind plants, Windpower Engineering.

BibTeX:
@article{MIC-2012-2-4,
  title={{A Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines Located Offshore}},
  author={Cibulka, Jaroslav and Ebbesen, Morten K. and Hovland, Geir and Robbersmyr, Kjell G. and Hansen, Michael R.},
  journal={Modeling, Identification and Control},
  volume={33},
  number={2},
  pages={69--86},
  year={2012},
  doi={10.4173/mic.2012.2.4},
  publisher={Norwegian Society of Automatic Control}
};

Article

“A Review on Approaches for Condition Based Maintenance in Applications with Induction Machines Located Offshore”